What are mosquito-borne diseases?
Mosquito-borne diseases are sicknesses caused by viruses or parasites that mosquitoes spread. When a mosquito bites someone, it can spread these germs and make the person sick.
Where do people in the U.S. get a mosquito-borne illness?
People can get these diseases in the U.S. or more commonly when they travel to places where mosquitoes carry viruses and parasites that are uncommon in the U.S. Some diseases that used to only be found outside the U.S. are now starting to appear more often in the U.S.
What types of illnesses are spread by mosquitoes?
Mosquitoes can spread different illnesses. Some, like malaria, chikungunya, and dengue, cause fever and can become very serious. Others, like West Nile virus, can make the brain swell. This serious complication is called encephalitis. It can cause symptoms like fever, headache, confusion, and even coma.
Some viruses, like Zika, can hurt unborn babies if a pregnant woman gets infected.
How does mosquito-borne illness spread?
Mosquito-borne illness is spread through the bite of infected mosquitoes:
- When a mosquito bites a person who is infected, it becomes a carrier of the virus.
- Once infected, the mosquito can infect new (healthy) people with the virus when it bites them.
- The mosquito remains infectious for the rest of its life (typically several weeks), potentially biting additional people.
What are the symptoms of mosquito-borne illnesses?
Symptoms can vary depending on the specific illness transmitted by the mosquito. However, when symptoms do appear, they usually develop within 3 to 15 days after the bite.
Common symptoms may include:
- Fever
- Headache
- Body aches
- Fatigue
- Rash
- Nausea or vomiting
When to see your doctor
If you’ve been around mosquitoes and start feeling sick with any of these symptoms, it is important to see your healthcare provider. Your doctor may order tests or give you medicine, especially if you’ve traveled recently.
Prevention
Mosquitoes infected with illness are most active during the daytime, especially around dawn and dusk. They lay their eggs in standing water found in and around homes, such as flower pots, buckets, discarded tires, and containers.
To help protect yourself and family:
- Dump out standing water around your home.
- Wear long sleeves and pants to prevent bites.
- Use bug spray on skin and clothes.
The American Academy of Pediatrics provides guidance for how caregivers can choose a safe and effective insect repellent for their child: How to Choose an Insect Repellent for Your Child
If traveling outside of the U.S., it is important to talk to your healthcare provider several weeks to a few months ahead of time. Vaccines and/or preventive medications may be recommended to prevent certain mosquito-borne illnesses, especially if traveling to some parts of Africa, Asia, or South America.
Resources
Preventing the Transmission of Dengue Fever Among Families and Communities
Malaria Facts for Families & Caregivers
Oropouche in Children: What You Need to Know
How to Choose an Insect Repellent for Your Child
Preventing Measles Before and After Travel Factsheet